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The Camera - Aperture & Iris

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  - The Camera - "Aperture & Iris"                What is aperture?   It is essentially the "pupil" of a camera lens, in which the lens "open" and can be shrunk or enlarged in order to allow more or less light into the camera sensor.                  How does it affect exposure?   It changes the amount of light that is able to reach the camera sensor. Large, wide openings of the aperture will result in brighter photos because more light is passed. A smaller, tight opening of the aperture will result in darker photos because less light is passed. How does it affect depth of field?  A large aperture will yield greater background blur, whilst a small aperture will yield little background blur. How do you pick the right aperture for your scene?  When capturing photos in bright/dark environments, a smaller/larger aperture may want to be used since aperture affects expos...
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ISO and Gain

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- The Camera - "ISO & Gain" What is ISO?   It is a setting on a camera that allows you to change an image to brighten or darken. What is the visual difference between low and high ISO?   Low ISO photos will result in less grainy (noise) photos, whilst higher ISO will result in more grainy photos. Higher ISO, however, can also add more brightness to the photo. When do you use a lower ISO? When do you use a higher ISO?   Lower ISO may be used in a setting that is already bright, whilst higher ISO may be used if there isn't another way to increase the brightness (such as when using high shutter speed). This allows for less motion blur to appear on images when trying to take a picture of a fast-moving subject. High V. Low ISO Internet Examples Room Experimentation The darker room image looks a lot more grainy with noise, while the lighter room image looks a lot more clear. What is gain?   It boosts video signal on a camera, allowing for more brightness by "fooling th...
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Progressive vs. Interlaced Scan

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  - The Camera - "Progressive vs. Interlaced Scan" What is progressive and interlaced scan?   A progressive scan draws a sequential line that fills a single video frame. It ensures that each frame is filled with a complete image. Interlaced scan, in contrast, displays every other line of an image rather than the whole thing.  Why does it matter?   Interlaced scanning saves bandwidth by cutting down half of a full image. This allowed for older TVs to refresh at a better pace, allowing for smoother transmissions. Interlaced, however, can also cause artifacts which reduce the quality when there is movement on screen compared to progressive scanning. One example of scans being used is during sports broadcasts, in which 720p is used rather than 1080i in order to have better movement in the images. Why should we know the difference?   When figuring out progressive vs. interlaced, it is important to notice the difference in the image between the two. Progressive scanni...
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